Indias Role in the Climate Change Summit Essay Example for Free

Indias Role in the Climate Change Summit Essay The worlds nation today adopted a package dubbed the cancun Agreements buildings blocks for a future legal treaty to address climate change amid concerns that commitments to avert acceptable level of global warming remain missing. Negotiators from 194 countries agreed on a set of decision that the un climate secretariat said would set all governments â€Å"more firmly on the path towards the low emissions future† and provide support to developing countries on their action on climate change. India played a key role at the climate change summit , proposing a new mechanism to allow international scrutiny of all countries’ including India’ s action to crub emission of greenhouse gases. The invironment minister Jairam Ramesh also signalled that India would eventually consider legally –binding crubs on emission, a shift from its long standing position. Some environmental grouos have criticised these moves by India. But climate change analysts have said India’s proposal for serutiny of the climate climate change exchange actions reflect an acceptance of the principal of transparency. ‘’ And (Rmesh’s) assertions on legaklly binding actions is an indicator that India is willing to shift from the position of doing nothing to joining the global community in fiting climate change ,†an analyst in Cancun said. ‘’This does not mean India will accept legally – bending cuts next year,’’ he said . The Cancun documents of ficially recognise emissions curbs targets set by industrialised and developing countries and once every year by the developing countries. But the target of cutting global emissions by 50 % by the year 2050- part of the draft circulated yesterday – has been replaced by text calling for ‘’ subsantial’’ reductions in blobal emissions by 2050 . The Cancun decision pledge US$30 billion in fast start finance from the industrialised countries to support climate action in developing countries. The goal is to raise this to US$ 100 billion by 2020. Thew agreements also  recognise the need of countries to work towards the keeping the rise in the aversge global temperature below 2 degree c. ‘’ Cancun has done its job ,’’ said chistiana Figueres, head of the UN climate change secretariat after the agreement was adopted today. ‘’ lt is not what is required but it is the essential foundation on which to build greater collective ambition Figueres said. But several environmental group including Indias centre for science and Environment have pointed out thst the emission reduction pledge made by all countries so far are way below the whst is required to keep the rise in the average temperature.

The Powerful Character of Pearl in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Powerful Character of Pearl in Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most significant writers of the romantic period in American literature was Nathaniel Hawthorne.   Hawthorne wrote stories that opposed the ideas of Transcendentalism. Since he had ancestors of Puritan belief, Hawthorne wrote many stories about Puritan New England.   His most famous story is the Scarlet Letter.   This novel tells of the punishment of a woman, Hester Prynne, who committed adultery and gave birth to Pearl.   A minister of Boston, Arthur Dimmesdale, had an affair with Hester while believing that her husband, Roger Chillingworth, had died.  Ã‚   However, Chillingworth did not die and appears during the early stages of Hester's punishment.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The purpose of this paper is to analyze the character of Pearl in the Scarlet Letter.   Her whole life had many difficulties while living in Puritan New England.   Furthermore, Pearl displays much parallelism to the scarlet letter that Hester must wear.   Finally, Pearl's birth intensified the conflicts in the novel.  Ã‚   Clearly, Pearl becomes the symbol of all the other major characters' tragedies.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The character of Pearl in the Scarlet Letter lived a very difficult life.   Before the novel begins, Hester Prynne gives birth to Pearl after having an affair with Arthur Dimmesdale, a Puritan minister.   Pearl's birth proves that Hester cheated on her husband Roger Chillingworth provoking the stories action. The novel opens with the people of Boston staring and laughing at Hester holding Pearl while standing on the town's scaffold.   At this time, Pearl is three months old. Years later Hester gets released from jail and lives with Pearl in the outskirts of town.   Since Hester becomes alienated from Boston, Pearl turns into "her mother's only treasure!" (Hawthorne 76). Hester makes bright red clothes for Pearl that parallel the scarlet "A."   At age three, Pearl endures many laughs and jokes from other Puritan children but chases them away with stones. Since Pearl's birth resulted from broken rules, she does not feel the obligation to follow rules. Although her life is an outcast of Puritan society, Pearl's language shows a high level of intelligence.  Ã‚   Later, Hester receives word that the magistrates want to take Pearl away from her. Hester takes Pearl to the governor's house where the child meets her father, Arthur Dimmesdale.

Monopoly and Oligopoly Essay

Monopoly and Oligopoly Essay The Main characteristics of an oligopoly are that the supply of a product or products is concentrated in the hands of a few large suppliers, there could be thousands of small suppliers but the market is mainly dominated by around 4 or 5 large firms. For example firms Tesco, Asda, Sainburys and Morrisons, these are the 4 main supermarkets in the UK but there are thousands of small corner shops who provide some of the same goods the supermarkets do. Another characteristics of an oligopoly is interdependence, this is when the actions of one large firm will directly affect another large firm of the same market. For example during the Christmas period Tesco lowered the price on certain alcoholic drinks to pull customer in to the stores to buy their Christmas food shopping, Asda then followed suit and did the exact same thing with the same products. On the other hand if firms raised their prices the other firm are very unlikely to copy, the other firm are more likely to advertise the fact they are now cheaper in the hope of gaining a bigger share of the market. However there is a tendency for firms to collude and agree to raise prices together, this maintains their abnormal profits and ensure no one loses. This behaviour is illegal in the UK and the EU and firm’s caught doing this will be heavily fined. {draw:frame} Oligopoly’s are a few firm dominating a market,a monopoly is a single firm dominating a market or being a sole supplier of a market, this is called a pure monopoly. An example of a pure monopoly would be Scottish water; they are the sole provider to every household in Scotland of running water. {draw:frame} {draw:frame} For any firm profit is a must for a business to survive, firms will look in to other parts of a market to gain potential profits. For a firm to move into a particular sector of a market there would have to be good roles of profit. A firm would have to get a good return on their investment, the higher the risk and longer a firmhas to wait to earn a potential return on their capital, the greater the minimum required return on their investment they will demand. For a firm to move in to a particular sector,firms would also have to consider if this would attract new investors. If the firm was going to make a quick return on its investment this would attract more investors as they would gain higher amount of dividends on their investment.

A Deferred Dream Essay - 1506 Words

In A Raisin in the Sun, a play by Lorraine Hansberry, all the characters in the Younger family have experienced the hardship that most African-Americans faced, during the 1950s, in the Southside Chicago ghetto. The Youngers had simple desires for decent jobs and a home of their own and hoped to achieve these dreams. However, they have had to put off their dreams because of the struggle of life for them. This left no exception to the Younger family, but Beneatha Younger was an exception. She was on her way to becoming a doctor which was her lifelong dream. By the end of the play, Beneatha learned about real risk and work and accepted it therefore achieving her dream. She was born poor and in a struggling family. Her dreams were always very†¦show more content†¦This check was a life insurance check of ten thousand dollars and was from Walter’s deceased father’s life insurance. All of the family members had their own dreams, and this was their best option to make these dreams come true. This check could help pay for Beneatha’s medical school; however, it was up to Mama to decide how to use the money, â€Å"The insurance money belongs to Mama,† (p. 38). After Mama used some of the money to buy a house for the family, she entrusted the money to Walter telling him, â€Å"Take three thousand dollars and put it in a savings account for Beneatha’s medical schooling,† (p. 106). This shows that a portion of the insurance money was going towards her medical school. This was one major positive contribution to her dream. The mental status of Beneatha was much like the beginning of the play, confused. She was still using her family’s income to pursue her changing hobbies such as guitar and acting. Mama complained about this saying, â€Å"Why you got to flit so from one thing to another?† (p. 47). Mama said this quote in frustration because the family was already strapped for cash. Beneatha was not even working to help make more money for the Younger household. Also, Beneatha had two boyfriends, Joseph Asagai and George Murchison, who were ready to get into a physical relationship when she only wanted to have anShow MoreRelatedDream Deferred1062 Words   |  5 Pagesthat your company has two choices, one is to be a successful startup will or could potentially land in the history books. Secondly, it could be an absolute failure, it may very well land in the history books but more so due to its notoriety. In a Dream Deferred, Monique Maddy gives a glimpse on her experiences and lessons fro m launching a technology company in an emerging market. Monique is very candid and perhaps still a bit resentful in seeing how her company was doomed by inexperience, bureaucracyRead MoreDream Deferred1590 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of a Dream Deferred by Langston Hughes This poem by Langston Hughes is a very complicated. In it the speaker paints a picture of what might happen to someone’s dream if it is postponed too long. This idea is the overall theme of the poem and it is what unifies and connects each line to the poem as a whole. There are also indirect references that this is not only the dream of an individual, but an entire race’s struggle to achieve peace and liberation. This poem consists of a seriesRead MoreHarlem: a Dream Deferred1043 Words   |  5 PagesHarlem: A Dream Deferred Langston Hughes Literally Analysis Dreams are aspirations that we hope to reach on our lifetime. They are the day that gives us the drive to live our lives and accomplish our goals. When reaching our goals, we will do anything to get to our destination. But what happens when your dreams deferred and put on hold due to unseen circumstances? Or what do you so when someone tells you that you can not so the things you want to so because of the pigmentation of your skinRead MoreHoop Dreams : Dream Deferred2370 Words   |  10 PagesHoop Dreams: Dream Deferred The documentary, â€Å"Hoop Dreams† depicts the structural, psychological, and environmental issues that perpetuates poverty in America through a cohort of individuals, Arthur Agee and William Gates. Agee and Gates’s lives are chronicled through a longintudinal study of four years, from the summer they enter high school, to their entry into college. Both African-American teenagers are recruited from different parts of Chicago, but they came together to begin their freshmanRead MoreDreams In Dreams And Dreams Deferred By Langston Hughes915 Words   |  4 Pagessorts out a multitude of analogies and diction to draw in the audience to better understand his perspective of dreams. When the poet begins the poems, â€Å"Dreams† and â€Å"Dreams Deferred,† he speaks of an emptiness and an ageing of dreams. Hughes’ allusions in repetition, strands, binary opposites, and anomalies can represent his overall portrayal of a life without dreams is unstable and that dreams become the person, making it impossible to run from. The pattern of â€Å"life is† and â€Å"does it† appears to be aRead MoreIs Integration A Dream Deferred?996 Words   |  4 Pages Another source of inequality comes from student-teacher relations directly. Thandeka K. Chapman in â€Å"Is Integration a Dream Deferred?† argues that within suburban mixed-race (however, still majority white) schools, there is a significant difference between the behavior and treatment of minority students versus that of white students within the same school (314). To examine this more thoroughly, a research team interviewed students regarding their experience, and reported the results. Since teacherRead MoreHarlem A Dream Deferred Analysis762 Words   |  4 Pagesbecomes their dream, but people do not always fulfill these dreams. There are obstacles that come in the way of people being able to fulfill their dreams. In â€Å"Harlem [A Dream Deferred]† Langston Hughes uses imagery and rhetorical questions in order to demonstr ate what happens to a dream. The theme that appears through Langston Hughes poem is the theme of not pursuing a dream. Through Hughes poem, this theme is demonstrated and the imagery helps in conveying the idea of having a dream postponed. Read MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Dream Deferred 980 Words   |  4 Pagesthe theme of the poem through the words, the words helps the reader to understand what can happen to dreams. What is a dream deferred? A dream deferred is what happens when life gets a whole of that dream. Sometimes dreams are able to manifest them but there are times when it dries up like a raisin in the sun. Each member of the Younger family has dreams that may come true or may the deferred. Lena, the mother of family always wanted a better place for her family, a better and bigger house whereRead MoreA Dream Deferred - a Literary Comparison1878 Words   |  8 PagesThe Dream Deferred – A Comparison Kristy Andrews Axia College of University of Phoenix In Lorraine Hansberrys play A Raisin in the Sun, the author reveals a hard-working, honest African-American family struggling to make their dreams come true. Langston Hughes poem, Harlem, illustrates what could happen if those dreams never came to fruition. Together, both Hansberry and Hughes show the effects on human beings when a long-awaited dream is thwarted by economic and social hardships. Each ofRead MoreA Dream Deferred By Langston Hughes990 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"A Dream Deferred† by Langston Hughes; is about what occurs to the dream when you postpone them, instead of going for it and make it come true. Many people in this world has a dream or some sort of goal that they would like to accomplish. Although most of us would love to follow our dreams, sometimes we just cannot do it due to the struggles that we would have to face. This poem is based on a guy who is going through a difficult time and what would happen to his dream if he puts it on hold

Timeline of Invention Periods from the Middles Ages On

Environmental Impact Of Aquaculture Wild-Caught Vs. Farmed Fish Essay

Essays on Environmental Impact of Aquaculture Wild-Caught versus Farmed Fish Essay The paper "Environmental Impact of Aquaculture Wild-Caught versus Farmed Fish" is an outstanding example of an essay on biology. Sustainable development in terms of is fishing refers to the implementation of developmental strategies and policies that there is a sufficient amount of fish that meets the present demand without compromising future demand. In this case, a lot of control measure requires to be put in place to ensure that fish resource endowment is not depleted. The acceptable level of resource depletion should be the one that ensures that at any given time, the number of a certain species should not be reduced by half. As such, the acceptable level of depletion should allow further fishing to take place. As such, the fish will not be over-harvested or over-exploited. There is an acceptable level of pollution in aquaculture. These pollutions are mostly treated industrial effluent that contains beneficial feed supplements and microbial that improves the host’s intestinal balance. Furthermore, these effluents contain important fertilizers that enhance the growth of algae and other small plants that are an important source of fish food. In terms of maintaining the effluent provides important microbial that enhances resistance to poisoning by other chemicals. It, therefore, implies that despite the adverse effects caused by pollution, some it is beneficial to aquatic life, (Martin, Bennett 71)The high demand for healthy food in America has, in turn, increased the demand for shrimps. This has lead to over-exploitation of the species and hence the environmental concern. To mitigate the effect, such a project like â€Å"One shrimp at a time† is important. This because it will not only replenish the depleting stock of shrimps but also serves as an economic hub.

The Dark Side of Leadership Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Critically Examine Research Exploring the Dark, Dysfunctional Face of Leadership. Answer: Introduction Leadership can be referred as an influence of a person on others which helps in directing others in the same direction for achieving the common goals (Nanjundeswaraswamy Swamy, 2014). In this globally competitive environment, it is very important for an organisation to adopt a suitable leadership style which not only stimulates the performance of the organisation but also motivates its people. It is seen that though leadership is taken as a good and positive thing in the modern world, it has its dark side too. In this essay, the critical analysis will be done on the dark and dysfunctional face of leadership. Modern perceptions of leadership critical analysis on dark side of leadership Leadership plays an important role in fostering the team success. Its how the teams get motivated to achieve a common goal. The business world is changing quickly and the companies are facing challenges in accomplishing their goals and objectives (Sadeghi Pihie, 2012). The leadership is perceived as a good and positive thing which unites teams and the leaders are perceived as ones who always show the right path. But as per the views of Washbush Clements (2014), Leadership can also show its dark side. On one hand, leadership provides motivation and commitment to the followers but on the other hand, the negative effects of leadership may bring frustration, delayed decision making and waste of resources in the organisation. It is equally important to study about the adverse effects of leadership with the positive effects of leadership. As per Pelletier (2010), there are some key dimensions of the negative leadership which involves Abusive leadership, Tyrannical leadership, Destructive leadership, bullying, unethical leadership and toxic leadership. All these dimensions show that leadership may harm the enthusiasm or empowerment of the individuals at the workplace. Abusive leadership is when injurious actions are taken on the followers. Fear is created among them so that they could complete the given work on time. Tyrannical leaders are those who are arrogant and are rigid for their methods and beliefs. They create distrust among the followers. Destructive leadership harms the organisation by the sabotaging the interest of followers and organisation as well. Bullying, on the other hand, is where the leader tortures and insults the follower mentally or physically. The incidents of bullying have increased recently in the countries like Europe, Australia, USA and more. As per the data provided by Pelletier (2010), 1 in every 5 employees in US isbullied repeatedly. Toxic leadership is the one where the leader is not capable of the duties he is entitled to. According to Harms, Spaina Hannahb (2011), personality traits play a very important role in the development of a leader. There are some dark personality traits which contribute in showing dark face of leadership. There is a dark side of the dark traits of a leader. These dark traits include Narcissism, Hubris, Social dominance and Machiavellianism. Narcissism can be understood as high level of love for self. It is like believing highly in self and taking others as inferior to themselves. The leaders who are narcissistic can attract people but can also lead to lower performance in job. Looking onto its bright side, Narcissistic leaders are bold and draw attention of people. They can enhance the performance of the business by their bold steps. Hubris is another characteristic which means that an individual has pride and self-confidence in excess (Fioravante, 2013). This may reduce the market performance or can also hamper the decision-making of an individual. The leaders characterised by Hubris are confident and are committed to fulfil their promises. They are capable of taking up innovations in business. Social dominance is when people dominate on others. It may hamper the trust between the individuals. Its positive side can be shows authority which shows completeness in projects and targets. Machiavellianism is another trait which means manipulation, cunning behaviour and forcefully making others believe on self. These leaders have high flexibility and are capable of administrating the whole team (Judge, Piccolo Kosalka, 2009). In comparison to the above discussed dark side of dark traits, there is a dark side to some bright traits in a leader. These include Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Emotional stability, Openness to experience, Intelligence, Charisma and more (Leutner, et al., 2013). The people who are highly conscious are not willing to take bold steps and innovative steps. They normally resist change and can result in the slower growth of business. Extraversion shows how people connect with the outer world. The people who are highly extroverts are generally bold and are capable of connecting with the external world but they lack sometimes as they take hasty decisions and are extra aggressive on schedules which might hamper the quality of the projects. The leaders who are highly agreeable can lead to the ineffective decisions in the influence of all the team members. The leaders who have emotional stability in excess are generally those who are not able to set up connection with their followers (Takala, 2010). They do not understand the emotions of their followers. The leaders scoring high in openness can lead to the conflicts between the group beliefs. Intelligence is the trait which shows leader effectiveness but high intelligence may create a mismatch between the group members and the leader. Charisma is when the leader inspires its followers. High score on charisma may be bad because it creates an illusion and may lack in getting the wise suggestions from the followers (Leutner, et al., 2013). According to Karakitapog?lu-AygunGumusluoglu (2012), modern leadership is taken as positive, inspiring, supporting and as a role model for followers. Recent studies show that leadership has some negative side. There are some behaviour patterns and practices of dark leadership like corrupt practices. The bad leaders are incompetent, rigid, and corrupt and are evil who have intentions of physical harm to others. The leaders fail when they are not able to adopt the external environment. The ineffective leaders generally take the organisation to the lower level even from where it used to be (Watters, 2014). As per Linstead, Marechal Griffin (2014), more research has been done on leadership and its dark side. Dark side leadership is a dominant approach. The research indicates that there are some functional dysfunctional consequences which depend on the personality and attitudes of the individuals. It is when an individual reaches a high position and misuses the power or strength. Not onl y the traits or functions of leaders cause the dysfunctional situation but the external environment might also affect. The consequences of dark side of leadership include the increasing amount of pressure on teams to perform and to achieve objectives of the team. This can create stressful situations among the team members which encourage the dark side of leaders even more. This even erodes the trust between the group members and the leader. Lot of studies has been done on the dark side of leadership which shows that it brings poor work performance, poor behaviour and derailment (Watters, 2014). Measures to manage Dark traits of leadership The dark side can be managed if some steps are taken in advance. As per Watters (2014), the poor selection of leaders leads to the dark side and bring failures. The past researches suggest that not the traits or features but the poor selection or choice of leaders causes dysfunctional situations in the organisations. The organisations while the selection of the leaders, should look for the warning signs before hiring the candidates. Reliable measures can be taken to reduce the number of selection of the undesirable candidates. It can be done through the verification of the candidate from previous employment about his/ her working behaviour and performance. The everyday strengths and weaknesses should be measured to measure the effectiveness of an individual (Alemu, 2016). There are also some leadership development programs which can promote the effectiveness of the leaders it develops healthy perspectives of leadership in the individuals so that the dark side of leadership is not shown. These development activities can be customised as per the individuals so that the required traits can be developed and they can be motivated to behave positively. Coaching is another means of addressing the ill effects of dark side traits in individuals (Indradevi, 2016). Coaching helps in developing more effective strategies to manage the dark behaviour of individuals. Coaching assists in limiting the negative effects of the dark traits in an individual. The coaches do 360 degree assessment which helps in evaluating and individual, its strengths and limitations as well. It helps in evaluating the dark and bright traits of personality in the individuals. Another measure is leader accountability. If leader is given accountability, the inappropriate behaviour can be hand led. Without accountability, leaders can show ill behaviour, traits and functions. Employee development is another step which could be taken by the organisations where good corporate governance will be promoted and the chances of the emergence of dark traits of leadership will be reduced. Employee development is a continuous process which helps in managing the dysfunctional traits within the organisations culture (Linstead, Marechal Griffin, 2014). In the Singapore Public Service, the individuals who are been given such responsibilities of being a leader are to be made self aware of their dark and bright traits of leadership and their implications. Some programs and events can be taken up which helps in managing the dark traits of an individual leader. Leadership development programs and coaching can be given which could help in reducing the ill effects of the dark traits of the leaders. The leaders should be guided for their roles so that they could become able to take up new challenges and face them properly (Liu, Liao Loi, 2012). There have been examples of failures of big giants like Lehman Brothers, Enron and others which highlighted that how dark side of leadership has brought an end to these. The numbers suggests that there are around 50- 75 percent of leaders who do not perform well. So, it is very important to recognize and treat the problem well for success of the businesses (Slattery, 2009). Conclusion It can be concluded that the leaders who get derailed and show up dark traits of leadership can incur lots of cost to the organisation. The costs may not be only in terms of numbers or financial loss but it can also be a loss to the reputation and governance of the organisation. The essay discusses the meaning of dark leadership traits and effects of dark and bright traits of leadership in the companies. It also discusses the characteristics of the dark side and bright side of leadership. Also, the measures are been discussed which could be taken for reducing the impact of the dark side of leadership. Leadership is not always fruitful but it can be harmful too. It can be finally concluded that the organisations must ensure that their selection techniques of employees are so effective that they are not ending up with the selection of ineffective leaders for the workplace. It does not only lower down the productivity of the employees but also the morale of the staff. Recommendations It is recommended to the organisations that they should develop some leadership development programs so that the dark traits of leadership can be managed and the leaders can be made self aware about their dark or bright traits of leadership. Leadership should be such which empowers the team members and provides a sense of achievement in the followers. It is about being a role model for the followers. The dark traits should be balanced which can be done by identifying and taking immediate actions on them. The leaders could be made effective by adopting measures like coaching them, employee development, leadership development or proper selection techniques. These could be very helpful in reducing the negative effects of dark traits of leadership in future. References Alemu, D S 2016, Dysfunctional Organization: The Leadership Factor, Open Journal of Leadership. Fioravante, P L, 2013, An Effective Leadership Revelation-Blending Dark Side and Positivist Traits,The Journal of Applied Business and Economics,15(1), p.107. Harms, P D, Spaina, S M Hannahb, S T 2011, Leader development and the dark side of personality, The Leadership Quarterly.Pages 495-509. Indradevi, R 2016, Toxic Leadership over the Years A Review, SMS, Vol. IX, No. 1. Judge, T A, Piccolo, R F Kosalka, T 2009, The bright and dark sides of leader traits: A review and theoretical extension of the leader trait paradigm, The Leadership Quarterly.855875. Karakitapog?lu-Aygun, Z Gumusluoglu, L 2012, The bright and dark sides of leadership: Transformational vs. non-transformational leadership in a non-Western context, Leadership. SAGE Publication. Leutner, F, Ahmetoglu, G, Akhtar, R, Chamorro-Premuzic, T 2013, The relationship between the entrepreneurial personality and the Big Five personality traits, Personality and Individual Differences, 63 (2014), 58-63. Linstead, S, Marechal, G Griffin, R W 2014, Theorizing and Researching the Dark Side of Organization, Organization Studies, Vol. 35(2). 165-188. Liu, D, Liao, H Loi, R, 2012, The dark side of leadership: A three-level investigation of the cascading effect of abusive supervision on employee creativity,Academy of Management Journal,55(5), pp.1187-1212. Nanjundeswaraswamy T S Swamy, D R 2014, Leadership Styles, Advances In Management, Vol. 7(2). Pelletier, K L 2010, Leader toxicity: An empirical investigation of toxic behavior and rhetoric, Sage Publications. Sadeghi, A Pihie, Z A L 2012, Transformational Leadership and Its Predictive Effects on Leadership Effectiveness, International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 3 No. 7. Slattery, C 2009, The dark side of leadership, Semann Slattery, Sydney. Melbourne. Takala, T 2010, Dark Leadership, Charisma and Trust, Psychology,. Scientific research. Washbush, J Clements, C 2014, The two faces of leadership: considering the dark side of leader- follower dynamics, Journal of Workplace Learning. Watters, A D S 2014, Research Report: The Dark Side of Leadership, Civil Service College.